Multi-hop reasoning
Question Answering with LLMs. Comparing the leading AI models side-by-side at Multi-hop reasoning.
Comparing the leading AI models:
Category: Question Answering
Subcategory: Multi-hop reasoning
Contents
Introduction
Comparing AI Models: A Guide to LLM Performance vs Cost
Looking to compare AI models but unsure which one best suits your needs? This comprehensive guide examines leading large language models (LLMs) side-by-side, helping you make informed decisions about which AI assistant to use for different tasks.
We analyze two distinct tiers of AI models:
Budget Tier:
- ChatGPT 4.0 Mini
- Gemini 1.5 Flash
- Claude 3.5 Haiku
- Llama 3.1 8B
Performance Tier:
- ChatGPT 4.0
- Claude 3.5 Sonnet
- Gemini 1.5 Pro
- Llama 3.1 70B
Understanding how different AI models compare is crucial for optimizing both cost and performance. Budget tier models excel at straightforward tasks like content generation, basic analysis, and everyday assistance - perfect for individual users and small businesses watching costs. Performance tier models justify their higher price point for complex tasks like coding, technical writing, and sophisticated analysis - ideal for enterprise users and specialized applications.
Our side-by-side AI comparisons examine real-world use cases, testing each model's capabilities across various scenarios. This practical approach helps you identify which AI solution delivers the best balance of performance and value for your specific needs.
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Multi-hop reasoning
Large Language Models have revolutionized question answering by excelling at multi-hop reasoning - the ability to connect multiple pieces of information to arrive at a logical conclusion. Unlike traditional question-answering systems that rely on direct pattern matching, LLMs can follow complex chains of reasoning, synthesize information from different contexts, and bridge logical gaps to provide comprehensive answers.
The models' sophisticated neural architectures allow them to maintain context across multiple inferential steps, making them particularly adept at tasks requiring deductive and inductive reasoning. Whether connecting historical events to understand causation, analyzing scientific phenomena through multiple principles, or solving problems that require sequential logical steps, LLMs demonstrate remarkable capabilities in multi-hop reasoning scenarios.
This ability stems from their training on vast amounts of interconnected knowledge and their transformer architecture, which enables them to establish relationships between distant pieces of information. The models can effectively "think through" problems by breaking them down into smaller logical steps, making them invaluable tools for complex problem-solving tasks that require drawing connections across multiple facts or concepts.
Prompts
Basic Geography and Landmarks
Tests knowledge of famous landmarks and their locations, useful for educational quizzes and tourism content
Prompt:
What is the capital of the country where the Eiffel Tower is located?
Performance Results
The Eiffel Tower is located in France, and the capital of France is Paris.
Paris
Paris is the capital city of France, where the iconic Eiffel Tower stands at 324 meters (1,063 feet) tall. The city has served as France's capital since 987 CE, except for a brief period during the French Revolution.
Quick Facts about Paris:
- Population: ~2.2 million (city proper)
- Location: Northern France
- Region: Île-de-France
- Nickname: "City of Light" (La Ville Lumière)
The city serves as France's:
- Political center
- Economic hub
- Cultural heart
- Tourism capital
Paris is the capital of France, where the Eiffel Tower is located.
The Eiffel Tower is located in France, and the capital of France is Paris.
AnyModel: Explore and compare over 50 AI models side-by-side.
Budget Results
The Eiffel Tower is located in Paris, which is the capital of France.
The Eiffel Tower is located in France, and its capital is Paris.
The capital of France, where the Eiffel Tower is located, is Paris.
Interestingly, the Eiffel Tower is not only located in the same city as the capital, but is actually situated in the heart of Paris itself. It was constructed for the 1889 World's Fair and was initially meant to be a temporary structure, but has since become one of the most recognizable landmarks in the world.
The Eiffel Tower is located in France. The capital of France is Paris.
AnyModel: Explore and compare over 50 AI models side-by-side.
Performance Tier
Analyzing responses to this straightforward geography question reveals interesting differences. Gemini 1.5 Pro and Llama 3.1 70B provided concise, accurate answers in impressively fast times (823ms and 280ms respectively). ChatGPT 4o delivered an equally accurate response in moderate time (1344ms). Claude 3.5 Sonnet took longest (2865ms) but provided extensive additional context about Paris, arguably over-delivering for the simple question asked. While all models answered correctly, Llama 3.1 70B stands out for optimal efficiency, balancing accuracy with superior speed.
Budget Tier
All models correctly identified Paris as France's capital, but with varying approaches. ChatGPT 4o Mini and Llama 3.1 8B provided concise, straightforward answers. Gemini 1.5 Flash used text formatting for emphasis. Claude 3.5 Haiku gave the most detailed response, including historical context, but took significantly longer (1885ms) compared to others. Llama 3.1 8B was fastest (237ms), while ChatGPT and Gemini had similar response times (~500ms). For this simple factual query, all models performed adequately, with the main differentiator being response time and detail level.
Historical Date Calculations
Tests ability to perform date arithmetic and century conversion, useful for historical timeline creation
Prompt:
If Shakespeare wrote Hamlet in 1601, and died 15 years later, what century did he die in?
Performance Results
Shakespeare died in 1616, which was 15 years after writing "Hamlet" in 1601. The year 1616 is in the 17th century.
Let's solve this step by step:
- Shakespeare wrote Hamlet in 1601
- He died 15 years after that
- 1601 + 15 = 1616
Therefore, Shakespeare died in 1616, which was in the 17th century.
Note: Remember that centuries are counted as:
- 1500s = 16th century
- 1600s = 17th century
Shakespeare died in the 17th century. 1601 + 15 = 1616. The 17th century encompasses the years 1601-1700.
Since Shakespeare wrote Hamlet in 1601, that would be in the 17th century. If he died 15 years after that, he would have died in 1616 (1601 + 15). Since 1616 is in the 17th century, Shakespeare died in the 17th century.
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Budget Results
Shakespeare died in 1616, which is in the 17th century.
Shakespeare died in 1616 (1601 + 15 = 1616). Therefore, he died in the 17th century.
Shakespeare's Death
To solve this, let's break it down step by step:
- Shakespeare wrote Hamlet in 1601
- He died 15 years later, which would be in 1616
- 1616 falls in the 17th century
Therefore, William Shakespeare died in the 17th century.
Hamlet is believed by scholars to have been written between 1599 and 1602.
William Shakespeare died on April 23, 1616. Since the years typically span from 1601 to 1602 but likely and more actually 1602 for the majority of the production and that follows up 1603; This follows logic of being his main creation in the decade for Hamlet.
If that's the case, that means when Shakespeare died he died in the 17th century.
AnyModel: Explore and compare over 50 AI models side-by-side.
Performance Tier
All models correctly identified that Shakespeare died in the 17th century. ChatGPT provided a concise, accurate response. Claude offered the most detailed explanation with step-by-step reasoning and helpful century notation. Gemini supplied a clear answer with relevant century range context. Llama was surprisingly fast (466ms vs others >1200ms) while maintaining accuracy. Performance ranking: 1. Claude (most educational), 2. Llama (fastest), 3. ChatGPT (concise), 4. Gemini (adequate). All models demonstrated strong mathematical and historical reasoning capabilities.
Budget Tier
All models correctly identified Shakespeare died in the 17th century, but with varying approaches. ChatGPT 4o Mini and Gemini Flash provided concise, accurate answers with similar response times (~650ms). Claude Haiku gave a well-structured, step-by-step explanation but took significantly longer (1631ms). Llama 3.1 8B was fastest (369ms) but included unnecessary details about Hamlet's composition dates and delivered a less focused response. For this straightforward mathematical question, ChatGPT 4o Mini and Gemini Flash demonstrated the best balance of accuracy, clarity, and response time.
Historical Timeline Correlation
Tests ability to connect historical events with contemporary leaders, useful for creating historical context
Prompt:
Who was the President of the United States during the construction of the Empire State Building, which was completed in 1931?
Performance Results
The President of the United States during the construction of the Empire State Building, which was completed in 1931, was Herbert Hoover. He served as President from 1929 to 1933.
Herbert Hoover
Herbert Hoover served as President of the United States from 1929 to 1933, which coincided with the construction of the Empire State Building. The building's construction began in March 1930 and was remarkably completed in just 410 days, with the official opening taking place on May 1, 1931.
Key Details:
- Construction occurred during the early years of the Great Depression
- The building was completed ahead of schedule and under budget
- At 1,454 feet tall, it became the world's tallest building at the time
- The total cost was approximately $41 million ($564 million in today's dollars)
Hoover's presidency witnessed this architectural achievement during one of America's most challenging economic periods, making the Empire State Building's completion even more remarkable.
Herbert Hoover was President during the construction and completion of the Empire State Building in 1931.
Herbert Hoover was the President of the United States during the construction of the Empire State Building.
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Budget Results
The President of the United States during the construction of the Empire State Building was Herbert Hoover. He served as President from March 4, 1929, to March 4, 1933. The Empire State Building was officially completed in May 1931.
Herbert Hoover was the President of the United States when the Empire State Building was completed in 1931.
During the construction and completion of the Empire State Building in 1931, Herbert Hoover was the President of the United States. Hoover served as the 31st President from 1929 to 1933, during the early years of the Great Depression. The Empire State Building was constructed relatively quickly, taking just 410 days from start to finish, and was completed during Hoover's presidency.
The President of the United States during the construction of the Empire State Building was Herbert Hoover and also Franklin D. Roosevelt, however Hoover was largely accomplished completing construction before Roosevelt's presidency commenced in 1933 and was officially dedicated in 1931
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Performance Tier
Claude provided the most comprehensive response, including construction dates, costs, and historical context, though it took the longest at 3.4 seconds. ChatGPT gave a clear, concise answer with Hoover's presidential term dates. Gemini and Llama both delivered accurate but minimal responses, with Llama being the fastest at 290ms. While all models correctly identified Herbert Hoover as president, Claude demonstrated superior contextual knowledge and detail, making it best for research tasks despite slower speed. For simple factual queries, Llama's speed and accuracy make it most efficient.
Budget Tier
All models correctly identified Herbert Hoover as president during the Empire State Building's completion. Claude provided the most comprehensive response with additional context about Hoover's presidency and construction timeline. Llama incorrectly included FDR, introducing inaccuracy. Gemini delivered the most concise answer, also being quite fast at 521ms. ChatGPT provided a solid middle-ground response with precise dates. Response times varied significantly, with Llama fastest at 267ms and Claude slowest at 1667ms. Claude demonstrated superior detail and context, while Gemini excelled in efficiency and accuracy.
Scientific History Timeline
Tests basic arithmetic with historical dates, useful for creating scientific timelines
Prompt:
If Marie Curie won her first Nobel Prize in 1903, and her daughter Irène won hers 32 years later, in what year did Irène win her Nobel Prize?
Performance Results
Marie Curie's daughter, Irène Joliot-Curie, won her Nobel Prize 32 years after Marie Curie won her first one. Since Marie won her first Nobel Prize in 1903, Irène would have won hers in:
1903 + 32 = 1935
Therefore, Irène Joliot-Curie won her Nobel Prize in 1935.
Let me solve this by adding the years:
- Marie Curie's first Nobel Prize: 1903
- Time between prizes: 32 years
- 1903 + 32 = 1935
Irène Joliot-Curie won her Nobel Prize in 1935.
As a fascinating note, both mother and daughter won their Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry. Irène and her husband Frédéric Joliot-Curie were awarded the Chemistry Prize for their discovery of artificial radioactivity.
Irène Curie won her Nobel Prize in 1903 + 32 = 1935.
To find the year Irène won her Nobel Prize, you can add 32 years to the year Marie Curie won hers.
1903 + 32 years = 1935
Irène Joliot-Curie, Marie Curie's daughter, won her Nobel Prize in 1935 along with her husband, Frédéric Joliot-Curie.
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Budget Results
Irène Joliot-Curie won her Nobel Prize 32 years after Marie Curie's first Nobel Prize in 1903. To find out the year Irène won her prize, we add 32 years to 1903:
1903 + 32 = 1935.
Therefore, Irène won her Nobel Prize in 1935.
1903 + 32 = 1935
Irène Curie won her Nobel Prize in 1935.
Let's solve this step by step:
- Marie Curie won her first Nobel Prize in 1903
- Her daughter Irène won her Nobel Prize 32 years later
- So, we calculate: 1903 + 32 = 1935
Irène Curie won her Nobel Prize in 1935.
If Marie Curie won her first Nobel Prize in 1903, and her daughter Irène won hers 32 years later, to find Irène's Nobel year, you need to add 32 to 1903.
1903 + 32 = 1935
So, Irène Curie won her Nobel Prize in 1935. Irène Joliot-Curie's award was actually in chemistry as it was related to her work with her husband on synthesis of new chemical elements.
AnyModel: Explore and compare over 50 AI models side-by-side.
Performance Tier
All models correctly calculated that Irène won her Nobel Prize in 1935. Llama 3.1 70B was notably the fastest at 527ms, while Claude took longest at 2188ms. Claude provided additional historical context about both prizes being in Physics and Chemistry. ChatGPT and Llama offered clear step-by-step calculations. Gemini gave the most concise response but lacked supporting details. Claude demonstrated the most comprehensive knowledge, while Gemini prioritized efficiency. All models handled the basic arithmetic accurately, but varied in their provision of supplementary information.
Budget Tier
All models correctly calculated that Irène won her Nobel Prize in 1935. Gemini 1.5 Flash provided the most concise response (574ms), while Llama 3.1 8B (342ms) offered additional context about the chemistry prize. ChatGPT 4o Mini and Claude 3.5 Haiku demonstrated clear step-by-step reasoning but took longer to generate responses (1464ms and 1460ms respectively). Llama 3.1 8B stands out for its accuracy, speed, and bonus historical context, making it the top performer for this specific query.
Comparative Measurements
Tests ability to perform calculations and compare measurements, useful for size comparisons and visualizations
Prompt:
Which is taller: the Great Pyramid of Giza at 481 feet, or three Statues of Liberty stacked on top of each other if each statue is 151 feet tall?
Performance Results
To determine which is taller, we need to compare the heights:
- The Great Pyramid of Giza is 481 feet tall.
- One Statue of Liberty is 151 feet tall.
If we stack three Statues of Liberty on top of each other, their combined height would be:
[ 3 \times 151 \text{ feet} = 453 \text{ feet} ]
Comparing the two heights:
- Great Pyramid of Giza: 481 feet
- Three Statues of Liberty: 453 feet
The Great Pyramid of Giza, at 481 feet, is taller than three Statues of Liberty stacked on top of each other, which total 453 feet.
Let me calculate this:
Statue of Liberty (x3)
- Single statue = 151 feet
- Three stacked = 151 × 3 = 453 feet
Great Pyramid of Giza
- Height = 481 feet
Comparison
- Great Pyramid: 481 feet
- Triple-stacked Statues: 453 feet
- Difference: 28 feet
The Great Pyramid of Giza is taller by 28 feet. Even three Statues of Liberty stacked on top of each other would not quite reach the height of this ancient wonder!
Three Statues of Liberty stacked would be 151 feet * 3 = 453 feet.
The Great Pyramid at 481 feet is taller.
If a Statue of Liberty is 151 feet tall and you stack three on top of each other, you would multiply 151 by 3.
151 x 3 = 453 feet
Since the Great Pyramid of Giza is 481 feet tall and the stacked statues would be 453 feet tall, the Great Pyramid of Giza is taller.
AnyModel: Explore and compare over 50 AI models side-by-side.
Budget Results
To determine which is taller, we can compare the height of the Great Pyramid of Giza with the height of three Statues of Liberty stacked on top of each other.
- Height of the Great Pyramid of Giza: 481 feet
- Height of one Statue of Liberty: 151 feet
Now, we calculate the total height of three Statues of Liberty:
[ \text{Height of three Statues of Liberty} = 3 \times 151 \text{ feet} = 453 \text{ feet} ]
Now we can compare the two heights:
- Great Pyramid of Giza: 481 feet
- Three Statues of Liberty stacked: 453 feet
Since 481 feet (the height of the Great Pyramid of Giza) is greater than 453 feet (the height of three Statues of Liberty stacked), the Great Pyramid of Giza is taller.
Three Statues of Liberty stacked on top of each other would be 3 * 151 feet = 453 feet tall.
The Great Pyramid of Giza (481 feet) is taller.
Let's solve this step by step:
Height of the Great Pyramid of Giza: 481 feet
Height of one Statue of Liberty: 151 feet
- Height of three Statues of Liberty stacked: 151 × 3 = 453 feet
- Comparing the heights:
- Great Pyramid: 481 feet
- Three Statues of Liberty: 453 feet
The Great Pyramid of Giza is taller, standing 28 feet higher than three Statues of Liberty stacked on top of each other.
To compare the heights, you need to know that the Great Pyramid of Giza is actually around 481 feet (or, 146.5 metres) tall. The Statue of Liberty is 305 feet (or, 93 metres) tall, not 151 feet.
So, let's calculate the height of three Statues of Liberty stacked on top of each other.
- Height of one Statue of Liberty: 305 feet (considering only the original statue, it doesn't consider the pedestal in this answer)
- Height of three Statue of Liberty stacked on top of each other: 3 * 305 feet = 915 feet
Now, comparing the heights:
- Great Pyramid of Giza: 481 feet
- Three Statue of Liberty stacked on top of each other: 915 feet
So, three Statue of Liberty stacked on top of each other is taller than the Great Pyramid of Giza.
AnyModel: Explore and compare over 50 AI models side-by-side.
Performance Tier
All models correctly determined that the Great Pyramid (481 feet) is taller than three Statues of Liberty (453 feet). ChatGPT and Claude provided the most detailed responses with clear calculations and formatting. Gemini gave the most concise answer, while Llama delivered a straightforward explanation. Claude stood out by including the 28-foot difference. Performance speed varied significantly - Llama was fastest at 509ms, while ChatGPT was slowest at 3521ms. The trade-off appears to be between speed and detail, with faster models providing simpler responses.
Budget Tier
Gemini 1.5 Flash provided the most concise and accurate response in the fastest time (664ms), simply calculating and stating the answer. Claude 3.5 Haiku gave a similarly accurate but more structured response. ChatGPT 4o Mini was precise but overly verbose, taking the longest time (2944ms). Llama 3.1 8B, while quick (453ms), provided incorrect information about the Statue of Liberty's height, leading to a wrong conclusion. Model performance ranking: 1) Gemini 2) Claude 3) ChatGPT 4) Llama. Gemini demonstrated superior efficiency and accuracy for this straightforward mathematical comparison.
Geographic Deduction
Tests ability to make geographic inferences, useful for creating educational content about art history
Prompt:
If Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa in Florence, and Florence is in Italy, on which continent was the Mona Lisa painted?
Performance Results
The Mona Lisa was painted in Florence, which is in Italy. Italy is located in Europe, so the Mona Lisa was painted on the continent of Europe.
The Mona Lisa was painted in Europe.
Supporting facts:
- Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa in Florence
- Florence is located in Italy
- Italy is a country in Europe
- Therefore, since Florence is in Italy, and Italy is in Europe, the Mona Lisa was painted on the European continent.
Europe
Although Leonardo da Vinci did live in Florence, Italy for some time, he actually painted the Mona Lisa in Amboise, France, around 1517. Amboise is in Italy's neighboring country to the northwest.
However, given that the question initially stated the Mona Lisa was painted in Florence and that Florence is indeed in Italy, we can say that if the painting occurred there, the Mona Lisa would have been painted on the continent of Europe.
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Budget Results
The Mona Lisa was painted in Florence, which is in Italy. Therefore, the painting was created on the continent of Europe.
Europe
If Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa in Florence, and Florence is located in Italy, the painting was created in Europe.
Key points:
- Artist: Leonardo da Vinci
- Location: Florence, Italy
- Continent: Europe
The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci in Florence, Italy, and since Italy is a country in Europe, the Mona Lisa was painted on the continent of Europe.
AnyModel: Explore and compare over 50 AI models side-by-side.
Performance Tier
All models correctly identified Europe as the answer, but with varying approaches. ChatGPT 4o provided a clear, logical sequence while remaining concise. Claude displayed formal reasoning with bullet points. Gemini was remarkably efficient, providing just the essential answer in the fastest time (568ms). Llama showed impressive knowledge by noting historical inaccuracies in the premise, while still answering the question as posed. Gemini and Llama demonstrated superior speed, while ChatGPT and Claude offered more detailed explanations. ChatGPT achieved the best balance between conciseness and clarity.
Budget Tier
All models correctly identified Europe as the location where the Mona Lisa was painted. Gemini was most concise with a one-word answer but lacked context. ChatGPT Mini and Llama provided clear logical reasoning connecting Florence to Italy to Europe. Claude offered the most structured response with bullet points, though perhaps unnecessarily detailed. Response times varied significantly - Llama was fastest at 251ms, while Claude was slowest at 1124ms. Gemini achieved a good balance of speed (378ms) but could have provided more context.
Historical Age Calculation
Tests ability to perform age-based date calculations, useful for creating biographical timelines
Prompt:
If Mozart was born in 1756 and composed his first symphony at age 8, in what year did he compose his first symphony?
Performance Results
Mozart was born in 1756. If he composed his first symphony at the age of 8, you would add 8 years to his birth year:
1756 + 8 = 1764.
Therefore, Mozart composed his first symphony in 1764.
Mozart's First Symphony
Mozart composed his first symphony in 1764 when he was just 8 years old.
Quick calculation:
- Birth year: 1756
- Age at composition: 8
- Therefore: 1756 + 8 = 1764
This symphony, known as Symphony No. 1 in E-flat major, K. 16, was written while the Mozart family was visiting London.
1756 + 8 = 1764
Mozart composed his first symphony in 1764.
To find the year Mozart composed his first symphony, we need to add 8 to his birth year.
1756 (birth year) + 8 = 1764
So, Mozart composed his first symphony in 1764.
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Budget Results
If Mozart was born in 1756 and he composed his first symphony at age 8, we can calculate the year he composed it by adding 8 to his birth year.
1756 + 8 = 1764.
Therefore, Mozart composed his first symphony in the year 1764.
Mozart was born in 1756. If he composed his first symphony at age 8, he did so in the year 1756 + 8 = 1764.
Here's the solution:
- Mozart's birth year: 1756
- Age when he composed first symphony: 8
- Year of first symphony: 1756 + 8 = 1764
Answer: 1764
To find the year Mozart composed his first symphony, we need to subtract his age from the year he was born.
Mozart's birth year is 1756, and he composed his first symphony at age 8.
So, we subtract 8 years from 1756: 1756 - 8 = 1748
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Performance Tier
All models correctly calculated that Mozart composed his first symphony in 1764. Llama 3.1 70B was notably fastest at 426ms, while Claude was slowest at 2006ms. Claude provided additional context about the symphony being composed in London and its formal name (K.16). Gemini was most concise, showing just the calculation and answer. ChatGPT and Llama gave clear step-by-step explanations. In terms of accuracy, all performed equally well, though Claude's extra historical context could be more useful for educational purposes.
Budget Tier
All models except Llama provided the correct answer of 1764. Llama made a critical mathematical error by subtracting instead of adding. Gemini was fastest and most concise at 694ms. ChatGPT and Claude provided more structured explanations with clear step-by-step calculations, but took longer (1054ms and 1171ms respectively). Claude's bullet-point format and bold answer made it most readable. Gemini's response, while brief, was equally accurate. Llama was quickest at 309ms but its incorrect calculation makes it unreliable for mathematical tasks.
Historical Context Query
Tests knowledge of concurrent historical figures and events, useful for creating historical context
Prompt:
Who was the British monarch when Charles Darwin published 'On the Origin of Species' in 1859?
Performance Results
When Charles Darwin published "On the Origin of Species" in 1859, the British monarch was Queen Victoria.
Queen Victoria was the British monarch when Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859.
Some key context:
- Victoria reigned from 1837 to 1901
- Darwin published his groundbreaking work during the middle period of her reign
- The book's full title was On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life
- Queen Victoria was 40 years old when the book was published
- The book was published during what is now known as the Victorian Era, a period of significant scientific and industrial advancement in Britain
Queen Victoria
Queen Victoria was the British monarch when Charles Darwin published 'On the Origin of Species' in 1859.
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Budget Results
The British monarch when Charles Darwin published 'On the Origin of Species' in 1859 was Queen Victoria. She reigned from 1837 to 1901.
Queen Victoria was the British monarch when Charles Darwin published 'On the Origin of Species' in 1859.
Queen Victoria was the British monarch when Charles Darwin published "On the Origin of Species" in 1859. She had been on the throne since 1837 and would continue to reign until her death in 1901. Victoria's long reign, known as the Victorian era, was a period of significant scientific, industrial, and cultural development in Britain, and Darwin's groundbreaking work was published during this transformative time.
The British monarch when Charles Darwin published 'On the Origin of Species' in 1859 was Queen Victoria. She was the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 1837 to 1901.
AnyModel: Explore and compare over 50 AI models side-by-side.
Performance Tier
All models correctly identified Queen Victoria as the monarch, but with varying levels of detail. Claude provided extensive historical context about Victoria's reign, Darwin's work, and the Victorian era, though took longest to respond (2729ms). ChatGPT and Llama gave concise, accurate answers in moderate time (719ms and 291ms). Gemini was fastest (584ms) but gave only the bare minimum response. For this factual query, Llama performed most efficiently, balancing speed and completeness. Claude's thoroughness could be valuable for educational purposes but may be excessive for simple queries.
Budget Tier
All models correctly identified Queen Victoria as monarch in 1859. Claude provided the most comprehensive response with historical context, but took longest at 1844ms. Llama was fastest at 257ms with a concise but accurate answer including reign dates. ChatGPT and Gemini gave accurate but minimal responses, with Gemini being slightly faster (568ms vs 664ms). Claude demonstrated superior contextual understanding but at the cost of speed, while Llama balanced accuracy and performance best. All models proved competent for this straightforward historical query.
Historical Event Sequencing
Tests ability to calculate dates between related historical events, useful for timeline creation
Prompt:
If the Wright brothers' first flight was in 1903, and World War I started 11 years later, what year did World War I begin?
Performance Results
World War I began in 1914. If the Wright brothers' first flight was in 1903 and World War I started 11 years later, then adding those 11 years to 1903 gives us 1914.
Let me calculate that:
- First flight: 1903
- Years until WWI: 11
- 1903 + 11 = 1914
So World War I began in 1914, specifically on July 28th when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, starting the chain of events that would draw in much of Europe and eventually other parts of the world.
What's particularly interesting is how quickly aviation technology developed in those 11 years between the Wright brothers' first flight and WWI. By the time the war began, aircraft had already become sophisticated enough to be used for military purposes.
1903 + 11 = 1914
World War I began in 1914.
To find the year World War I began, you would add 11 years to the year the Wright brothers' first flight took place (1903).
1903 + 11 = 1914
So, World War I began in the year 1914.
AnyModel: Explore and compare over 50 AI models side-by-side.
Budget Results
World War I began in 1914. Since the Wright brothers' first flight occurred in 1903 and World War I started 11 years later, you can calculate it as follows:
1903 + 11 = 1914
So, World War I began in 1914.
1903 + 11 = 1914 World War I began in 1914.
Let's solve this step by step:
- Wright brothers' first flight: 1903
- Number of years until World War I: 11 years
- 1903 + 11 = 1914
World War I began in 1914.
If the Wright brothers' first flight was in 1903 and World War I started 11 years later, then we need to add 11 to 1903 to get the year World War I began.
1903 + 11 = 1914
So, World War I began in 1914.
AnyModel: Explore and compare over 50 AI models side-by-side.
Performance Tier
All models correctly calculated that World War I began in 1914. Claude provided the most detailed response, including historical context about aviation development and the specific date WWI began. ChatGPT and Llama offered clear, straightforward calculations with explanations. Gemini gave the most concise response, simply showing the math and answer. Response times varied significantly - Llama was fastest at 424ms, while Claude took longest at 2789ms. For this simple arithmetic question, all models performed adequately, though Claude's extra context might be unnecessarily verbose for the basic query.
Budget Tier
All models correctly calculated that World War I began in 1914. Gemini 1.5 Flash provided the most concise response with fastest processing time of 561ms. Llama 3.1 8B was even faster at 284ms but included more explanation. ChatGPT 4o Mini and Claude 3.5 Haiku had similar response times around 1.1 seconds and provided structured step-by-step explanations. For this simple arithmetic task, Gemini's brevity and speed stood out, though all models demonstrated equal accuracy.
Ancient History Chronology
Tests ability to compare BCE dates and understand ancient chronology, useful for historical education
Prompt:
Which came first: the founding of Rome in 753 BCE or the construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza in 2560 BCE?
Performance Results
The construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza came first in 2560 BCE, followed by the founding of Rome in 753 BCE.
Great Pyramid of Giza (2560 BCE) came first, predating the founding of Rome by approximately 1,800 years.
Timeline:
- Great Pyramid of Giza construction: ~2560 BCE
- Founding of Rome: 753 BCE
The Great Pyramid was already about 1,800 years old when Romulus supposedly founded Rome. To put this in perspective, there's a greater time gap between the Great Pyramid's construction and Rome's founding than between Rome's founding and our present day.
Fun fact: When Cleopatra lived (around 50 BCE), she was closer in time to the invention of the iPhone than to the construction of the Great Pyramid!
The Great Pyramid of Giza (circa 2560 BCE) predates the founding of Rome (traditionally 753 BCE) by a significant margin.
The construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza in 2560 BCE came before the founding of Rome in 753 BCE. There is a significant time difference of approximately 1807 years between the two events.
AnyModel: Explore and compare over 50 AI models side-by-side.
Budget Results
The construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza in 2560 BCE came first, occurring about 1807 years before the founding of Rome in 753 BCE.
The Great Pyramid of Giza (2560 BCE) was built long before the founding of Rome (753 BCE).
The construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza in 2560 BCE came long before the founding of Rome in 753 BCE.
Here's a breakdown:
- Great Pyramid of Giza: Built around 2560 BCE during the Fourth Dynasty of ancient Egypt's Old Kingdom period
- Founding of Rome: Traditionally dated to 753 BCE by Roman historians
The pyramid predates the founding of Rome by approximately 2,193 years. When Rome was first established, the Great Pyramid had already been standing for over two millennia, serving as an ancient wonder of the world and a testament to the advanced engineering and cultural achievements of the ancient Egyptians.
The construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza in 2560 BCE came before the founding of Rome in 753 BCE. The latter date occurred approximately 913 years after the former date.
AnyModel: Explore and compare over 50 AI models side-by-side.
Performance Tier
All models correctly identified that the Great Pyramid predated Rome's founding. Claude provided the most detailed response with additional context and an engaging comparison to Cleopatra, though it had the slowest response time (2892ms). ChatGPT delivered a concise, accurate answer (690ms). Gemini was similarly brief but took longer (1260ms). Llama 3.1 was fastest (379ms) and included the precise time gap between events. For simple historical chronology questions, Llama offered the best balance of speed and detail, while Claude excelled at providing enriching context at the cost of speed.
Budget Tier
All models correctly identified that the Great Pyramid predated Rome's founding. Claude provided the most comprehensive response with historical context and precise calculations, but took longest (3084ms). Gemini offered the most concise answer with fast performance (547ms). ChatGPT gave a clear, accurate response with moderate speed (2205ms). Llama had the fastest response time (268ms) but made a calculation error in the year difference. For simple historical timeline queries, Gemini's balance of accuracy and speed makes it the optimal choice, while Claude excels when detailed context is needed.
Performance Verdict
Based on the comparative analyses across multiple multi-hop reasoning prompts, here's how the models performed:
ChatGPT 4o: Strengths:
- Consistently provided clear, logical reasoning
- Well-balanced responses with appropriate detail
- Strong accuracy across all question types Weaknesses:
- Moderate response times
- Sometimes less detailed than Claude
Claude 3.5 Sonnet: Strengths:
- Most comprehensive contextual information
- Excellent educational value
- Superior step-by-step reasoning Weaknesses:
- Consistently slowest response times (2000-3000ms)
- Often verbose for simple queries
Gemini 1.5 Pro: Strengths:
- Consistently fast response times
- Concise, focused answers
- Good accuracy Weaknesses:
- Minimal contextual information
- Sometimes too brief
Llama 3.1 70B: Strengths:
- Fastest response times (300-500ms)
- Excellent balance of speed and accuracy
- Clear, efficient answers Weaknesses:
- Less detailed than Claude or ChatGPT
- Minimal supplementary information
Verdict: For multi-hop reasoning tasks, Llama 3.1 70B emerges as the overall winner, demonstrating the best combination of speed, accuracy, and efficiency. While Claude provided the most comprehensive responses and ChatGPT offered well-balanced answers, Llama's ability to deliver accurate results in significantly faster times (often 5-10x faster) makes it the most practical choice for real-world applications. For educational or research purposes where additional context is valuable, Claude would be the preferred option despite its slower speed.
Budget Verdict
Based on the analyses of these 10 multi-hop reasoning prompts, here's how the models compare:
ChatGPT 4o Mini: Strengths:
- Consistent accuracy across all questions
- Clear step-by-step reasoning
- Well-structured responses Weaknesses:
- Sometimes overly verbose
- Moderate response times (averaging 1000-2000ms)
Claude 3.5 Haiku: Strengths:
- Most comprehensive and detailed responses
- Excellent contextual understanding
- Well-structured format with bullet points Weaknesses:
- Consistently slowest response times (1500-3000ms)
- Sometimes provides excessive detail
Gemini 1.5 Flash: Strengths:
- Fastest consistent response times (500-700ms)
- Highly accurate
- Concise, efficient answers Weaknesses:
- Sometimes too brief
- Could provide more context
Llama 3.1 8B: Strengths:
- Fastest raw response times (250-450ms)
- Good historical context Weaknesses:
- Made calculation errors
- Occasional accuracy issues
- Inconsistent response quality
Winner: Gemini 1.5 Flash
Gemini 1.5 Flash emerges as the best overall performer for multi-hop reasoning tasks, offering the optimal balance of speed, accuracy, and efficiency. While Claude provided the most detailed responses and Llama was technically fastest, Gemini's consistent accuracy combined with quick response times makes it the most practical choice for real-world applications. ChatGPT performed reliably but without standing out in any particular aspect.
Conclusion
Conclusion
This comprehensive analysis of multi-hop reasoning capabilities across leading AI models reveals distinct performance patterns between premium and budget tiers. While all models demonstrated basic competency in connecting multiple pieces of information to arrive at logical conclusions, clear trade-offs emerged between speed, accuracy, and depth of response.
In the performance tier, Llama 3.1 70B emerged as the standout performer, consistently delivering accurate results with superior speed. Claude 3.5 Sonnet proved ideal for educational applications with its comprehensive contextual information, despite slower response times. Among budget options, Gemini 1.5 Flash demonstrated the best balance of efficiency and reliability, though with less detailed responses than its premium counterparts.
The results highlight that while budget models can handle basic multi-hop reasoning tasks adequately, premium models offer notably superior contextual understanding and reliability for complex queries. Organizations should weigh these trade-offs against their specific needs and resource constraints when selecting an AI model for multi-hop reasoning applications.
These findings suggest that for routine multi-hop reasoning tasks, budget options like Gemini 1.5 Flash offer sufficient capability at lower cost, while premium models remain necessary for applications requiring deeper analysis or guaranteed accuracy. As these technologies continue to evolve, we expect to see further improvements in both performance and efficiency across all tiers.
